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MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 1349 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your 12th knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 401. |
Psychologists who believe that people grow and develop throughout their lives and thatpeople are inherently good are |
| A. | psychoanalysts. |
| B. | radical behaviorists. |
| C. | social learning theorists. |
| D. | humanists. |
| Answer» E. | |
| 402. |
The "amazing similarities" of identical twins may be a result of |
| A. | the fallacy of positive instances |
| B. | deliberate deceit by the twins. |
| C. | deliberate deceit by the researchers. |
| D. | the barnum effect. |
| Answer» B. deliberate deceit by the twins. | |
| 403. |
An adjective checklist would most likely be used by a |
| A. | psychodynamic therapist. |
| B. | behaviorist. |
| C. | humanistic therapist. |
| D. | trait theorist. |
| Answer» E. | |
| 404. |
What do psychologists mean by the term trait-situation interaction? |
| A. | situations change traits. |
| B. | situations create new traits. |
| C. | traits determine situations. |
| D. | situations affect how traits are exhibited. |
| Answer» E. | |
| 405. |
One of Freud's major contributions was his |
| A. | belief that the first years of life help to shape personality. |
| B. | belief in the concept of libido, sexual desires, and biological instincts. |
| C. | discovery of complexes during the genital stage. |
| D. | elaboration of the humanistic approach to personality development. |
| Answer» B. belief in the concept of libido, sexual desires, and biological instincts. | |
| 406. |
According to Jung, art, religion, myths, and drama are important to individual functioning because they |
| A. | facilitate conscious development. |
| B. | are symbols that appeal to basic archetypes. |
| C. | provide the means for achieving control over a hostile environment. |
| D. | transmit specific information for solving developmental tasks. |
| Answer» C. provide the means for achieving control over a hostile environment. | |
| 407. |
In the Freudian view of personality, which system is totally unconscious and dominatedby biological instincts? |
| A. | id |
| B. | ego |
| C. | superego |
| D. | libido |
| Answer» B. ego | |
| 408. |
According to Freud, the ego is governed by the |
| A. | pleasure principle. |
| B. | reality principle. |
| C. | ego ideal. |
| D. | partial ego principle. |
| Answer» C. ego ideal. | |
| 409. |
Learning theorists |
| A. | have removed the "person" from personality. |
| B. | emphasize situational determinants of behavior. |
| C. | stress the role of the unconscious. |
| D. | would view a trait as stable in all situations. |
| Answer» C. stress the role of the unconscious. | |
| 410. |
According to Freud, the id is governed by the |
| A. | pleasure principle. |
| B. | reality principle. |
| C. | ego ideal. |
| D. | creature comfort principle. |
| Answer» B. reality principle. | |
| 411. |
According to Freud, the energy from life instincts that drives personality is called the |
| A. | ego. |
| B. | libido. |
| C. | life force. |
| D. | eros. |
| Answer» C. life force. | |
| 412. |
To understand personality, trait theorists attempt to |
| A. | create traits that fit people. |
| B. | increase the number of basic traits that have been identified. |
| C. | classify traits and discover how they are related to behavior. |
| D. | reduce the common traits to measures of temperament. |
| Answer» D. reduce the common traits to measures of temperament. | |
| 413. |
Freud believed that personality was typified by |
| A. | a delicate balance of power among the three personality structures. |
| B. | a lack of struggle among the three personality structures in the healthy individual. |
| C. | a lack of struggle among the three personality structures in the unhealthy individal |
| D. | a state of struggle among the three personality structures in which the id gets |
| Answer» B. a lack of struggle among the three personality structures in the healthy individual. | |
| 414. |
One problem psychologists have with personality types is they |
| A. | are hypothetical constructs |
| B. | oversimplify personality |
| C. | describe character, not personality |
| D. | are not observable or measurable. |
| Answer» C. describe character, not personality | |
| 415. |
Criticisms of Freud's developmental theory have centered on |
| A. | the over-emphasis on sexuality in personality development. |
| B. | freud\s treatment of father-daughter relationship. |
| C. | the need for a stern or threatening mother in the development of conscience. |
| D. | the unimportance of the first years of life in the formation of personality. |
| Answer» B. freud\s treatment of father-daughter relationship. | |
| 416. |
Which of the following is an unconscious personality structure made up of biologicalurges seeking fulfillment? |
| A. | ego |
| B. | id |
| C. | superego |
| D. | subconscious |
| Answer» C. superego | |
| 417. |
A personality theory is a(n) |
| A. | category used to describe personality |
| B. | interrelated system of concepts used to explain personality. |
| C. | relatively permanent set of behavior patterns. |
| D. | subjective evaluation of a person. |
| Answer» C. relatively permanent set of behavior patterns. | |
| 418. |
The five-factor model of personality includes |
| A. | social interactionism. |
| B. | neuroticism. |
| C. | agreeableness. |
| D. | sense of humor. |
| Answer» D. sense of humor. | |
| 419. |
The concept of traits is used to account for personal characteristics that are |
| A. | biologically determined. |
| B. | relatively permanent and enduring. |
| C. | situation specific. |
| D. | shared by a group. |
| Answer» C. situation specific. | |
| 420. |
Behavioral theories of personality are often criticized for their |
| A. | inability to test or verify concepts. |
| B. | limited recognition of temperament, emotion, and subjective factors. |
| C. | ability to explain behavior after the fact only. |
| D. | emphasis on the conditions under which behaviors occur. |
| Answer» C. ability to explain behavior after the fact only. | |
| 421. |
The unconscious contains |
| A. | material that can easily be brought to awareness. |
| B. | everything we are aware of at a given moment |
| C. | repressed memories and emotions. |
| D. | thoughts, perceptions, and memories. |
| Answer» D. thoughts, perceptions, and memories. | |
| 422. |
Which of the following is not one of the psychosocial stages of development proposed byErikson? |
| A. | kidulthood |
| B. | toddlerhood |
| C. | infancy |
| D. | middle adulthood |
| Answer» B. toddlerhood | |
| 423. |
Id is to "Just do it" as superego is to |
| A. | "wait till later." |
| B. | "do your own thing." |
| C. | "don\t do it." |
| D. | "oh, sit on it." |
| Answer» D. "oh, sit on it." | |
| 424. |
What aspect of the family did Adler believe may play a significant role in personalitydevelopment? |
| A. | age of parents when first child was born |
| B. | gender of siblings |
| C. | birth order |
| D. | size of extended family |
| Answer» D. size of extended family | |
| 425. |
According to Freud, what was the consequence of the physical inability of women toovercome penis envy and the reason their personality would never fully develop? |
| A. | their id could never fully develop |
| B. | their ego could never fully develop |
| C. | their superego could never fully develop |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 426. |
Which of the following is a technique Freud used in therapy? |
| A. | dream analysis |
| B. | free association |
| C. | projective techniques |
| D. | all of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 427. |
Freud ascribed to the notion of psychic deterministm, which had an important influenceon his theories of personality and approach to therapy. To what does this term refer? |
| A. | the belief that the human mind is capable of telepathy |
| B. | the belief that consciousness determines the development of personality |
| C. | the belief that believing in an event will make it happen |
| D. | the belief that all things happen for a reason |
| Answer» E. | |
| 428. |
What name did Freud give to his model of the mind which comprised the Id, Ego andSuperego? |
| A. | genetic model |
| B. | structural model |
| C. | topographical model |
| D. | unconscious model |
| Answer» C. topographical model | |
| 429. |
According to Freud, Displacement, Sublimation and Projection are all types of what? |
| A. | psychosocial stage of development |
| B. | defence mechanism |
| C. | psychosexual stage of development |
| D. | neurotic need |
| Answer» C. psychosexual stage of development | |
| 430. |
__________refers to the basic changes in the content and responsibilities of job so as to satisfyhigher motivational needs |
| A. | job enrichment |
| B. | job enlargement |
| C. | work relocation |
| D. | process consultation |
| Answer» C. work relocation | |
| 431. |
_______leader is self confident and can attract followers by his great influence |
| A. | charismatic |
| B. | autocratic |
| C. | laissez-faire |
| D. | bureaucratic |
| Answer» B. autocratic | |
| 432. |
Free rein leadership is also known as ¬¬¬¬¬______. |
| A. | democratic |
| B. | autocratic |
| C. | laissez-faire |
| D. | bureaucratic |
| Answer» D. bureaucratic | |
| 433. |
In ————–leadership, there is a complete centralization of authority in the leader |
| A. | democratic |
| B. | autocratic |
| C. | free rein |
| D. | bureaucratic |
| Answer» C. free rein | |
| 434. |
———-is the attractiveness of the members towards the group or resistance to leave it |
| A. | group norms |
| B. | group behavior |
| C. | group cohesiveness |
| D. | group structure |
| Answer» D. group structure | |
| 435. |
The group formed by an organization to accomplish narrow range of purposes within a specifiedtime _____. |
| A. | formal group |
| B. | task group |
| C. | interest group |
| D. | functional group |
| Answer» D. functional group | |
| 436. |
————— theory believes that employees dislike work |
| A. | x theory |
| B. | y theory |
| C. | z theory |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» B. y theory | |
| 437. |
Under Herzberg’s theory, factors causing dissatisfaction is called _____. |
| A. | demotivators |
| B. | negative stimuli |
| C. | hygiene factors |
| D. | defectors |
| Answer» D. defectors | |
| 438. |
Maslow’s “basic needs” are also known as _____. |
| A. | social needs |
| B. | esteem needs |
| C. | safety needs |
| D. | physiological needs |
| Answer» E. | |
| 439. |
________blends concepts from psychology and sociology. |
| A. | corporate strategy |
| B. | anthropology |
| C. | political science. |
| D. | social psychology |
| Answer» E. | |
| 440. |
The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behaviour of humans andother animals is known as ______. |
| A. | psychiatry |
| B. | psychology |
| C. | sociology |
| D. | organizationalbehavior |
| Answer» C. sociology | |
| 441. |
Psychology’s major contributions to the field of organizational behavior have been primarily atwhat level of analysis? |
| A. | the level of the group |
| B. | the level of the individual |
| C. | the level of the organization |
| D. | the level of the culture |
| Answer» C. the level of the organization | |
| 442. |
Mr. Bilal is late for work each day by about ten minutes. How would attribution theory describe thisbehaviour? |
| A. | it shows consensus. |
| B. | it shows similarity. |
| C. | it shows reliability. |
| D. | it shows consistency |
| Answer» E. | |
| 443. |
As a manager, one of Shah’s duties is to present awards to outstanding employees within hisdepartment. Which Mintzberg managerial role is Shah acting in when he does this? |
| A. | leadership role |
| B. | liaison role |
| C. | monitor role |
| D. | figurehead role |
| Answer» E. | |
| 444. |
Asif believes that men perform better in oral presentations than women.What shortcut has been used in this case? |
| A. | the halo effect |
| B. | the contrast effect |
| C. | projection |
| D. | stereotyping |
| Answer» E. | |
| 445. |
According to Robert Katz, when managers have the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complexsituations, they possess _________ skills. |
| A. | technical |
| B. | leadership |
| C. | problem-solving |
| D. | conceptual skiils |
| Answer» E. | |
| 446. |
W hat sort of goals does Management By Objectives (MBO) emphasize? |
| A. | tangible, verifiable and measurable |
| B. | achievable, controllable and profitable |
| C. | challenging, emotional and constructive |
| D. | hierarchical, attainable and effective |
| Answer» B. achievable, controllable and profitable | |
| 447. |
Which of the following will be best at decreasing job stress? |
| A. | finding a job that is not challenging |
| B. | engaging in meaningful leisure activities outside of work |
| C. | "sucking it up" and just doing the job |
| D. | focusing on work demands at the expense of getting adequate sleep |
| Answer» C. "sucking it up" and just doing the job | |
| 448. |
Instructing employees on specific parts of the job that they may not have experience with is called |
| A. | performance appraisal. |
| B. | leadership. |
| C. | job analysis. |
| D. | training. |
| Answer» E. | |
| 449. |
A worker who feels a personal stake in the company and whose ideas are valued by the companywill likely |
| A. | perform poorly. |
| B. | perform well when a supervisor is present but perform poorly when alone. |
| C. | perform well. |
| D. | perform poorly when a supervisor is present but perform well when alone. |
| Answer» D. perform poorly when a supervisor is present but perform well when alone. | |
| 450. |
_____ refers to an individual’s general attitude toward his or her jo |
| A. | job satisfaction |
| B. | job involvement |
| C. | job stability |
| D. | organizational commitment |
| Answer» B. job involvement | |