Which of the following highlights assessment for learning? [CTET-Sept.-2016-II]

• A. The teacher assesses a student based on his/ her performance in comparison to others.
• B. The teacher assesses conceptual understanding of the students besides focusing on the processes of thinking.
• C. The teacher assesses the students by comparing their responses to 'standard' responses.
• D. The teacher assesses the students based on the information given in the textbooks.