Consider the syntax directed translation scheme (SDTS) given in the following. Assume attribute evaluation with bottom-up parsing, i.e., attributes are evaluated immediately after a reduction. E E1 * T {E.val = E1 .val * T. val} E T {E.val = T. val} T F T1 {T.val = F.val T1. val} T F {T.val = F. val} F 2 {F.val = 2} F 4 {F.val = 4} (a) Using this SDTS, construct a parse tree for the expression 4 2 4 * 2 and also compute its E.val. (b) It is required to compute the total number of reductions performed to parse a given input. Using synthesized attributes only, modify the SDTS given, without changing the grammar, to find E.red, the number of reductions performed while reducing an input to E.

• A. E.val = 12 ; E.red = T.red + 1
• B. E.val = 2 ; E.red = T.red + 1
• C. E.val = 10 ; E.red = T.red - 1
• D. All of these