MCQOPTIONS
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MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 1349 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your 12th knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 901. |
In Freudian theory, Anxiety |
| A. | reduces repression |
| B. | triggers repression |
| C. | increases repression |
| D. | is unrelated to repression |
| Answer» C. increases repression | |
| 902. |
Defense mechanisms protect the Ego against |
| A. | feelings of shame |
| B. | guilt |
| C. | anxiety |
| D. | public disgrace |
| Answer» D. public disgrace | |
| 903. |
According to Freud, anxiety is felt by the |
| A. | id |
| B. | ego |
| C. | super ego |
| D. | conscience |
| Answer» C. super ego | |
| 904. |
the guilt a person experiences after violating personal standards of conduct is called _________anxiety. |
| A. | realistic |
| B. | neurotic |
| C. | manifest |
| D. | moral |
| Answer» E. | |
| 905. |
Freud called the mouth, anus, and genitals |
| A. | oedipal strivings |
| B. | erogenous zones |
| C. | the aim of the sexual instinct |
| D. | the aim of the aggressive instinct |
| Answer» C. the aim of the sexual instinct | |
| 906. |
A sadist receives sexual pleasure from |
| A. | inflicting pain on others |
| B. | inflicting pain on self |
| C. | receiving pain inflicted by others |
| D. | watching other people undress |
| Answer» B. inflicting pain on self | |
| 907. |
Which of these is a manifestation of both sex and aggression? |
| A. | anxiety |
| B. | narcissism |
| C. | masochism |
| D. | love |
| Answer» D. love | |
| 908. |
The id serves the ________ principle |
| A. | pleasure |
| B. | reality |
| C. | moralistic |
| D. | idealistic |
| Answer» B. reality | |
| 909. |
Which regions of the mind have no direct contact with external world? |
| A. | id and super ego |
| B. | id and ego |
| C. | id only |
| D. | ego and super ego |
| Answer» B. id and ego | |
| 910. |
What analogy did Freud use to illustrate the relationship between the ego and the Id? |
| A. | rider and horse |
| B. | groom and bride |
| C. | chicken and egg |
| D. | hammer and anvil |
| Answer» B. groom and bride | |
| 911. |
A slot machine pays off on which schedule? |
| A. | continuous |
| B. | fixed-ratio |
| C. | variable interval |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» E. | |
| 912. |
Which of these would be the best example of a conditioned reinforcer? |
| A. | sleep |
| B. | relief from a headache |
| C. | praise |
| D. | oxygen |
| Answer» D. oxygen | |
| 913. |
Extinction of a response will occur earliest when learning occurs under which schedule ofreinforcement? |
| A. | continuous |
| B. | variable-ratio |
| C. | fixed-interval |
| D. | variable-interval |
| Answer» B. variable-ratio | |
| 914. |
The twin cornerstone of psychoanalytic motivation are |
| A. | sex and security |
| B. | safety and security |
| C. | hunger and sex |
| D. | sex and aggression |
| Answer» E. | |
| 915. |
A bricklayer is paid a given amount of money for every brick laid. This procedure most closelyapproximates which schedule of reinforcement? |
| A. | fixed-ratio |
| B. | variable-ratio |
| C. | fixed-interval |
| D. | variable-interval |
| Answer» B. variable-ratio | |
| 916. |
Jane rubs her knee to reduce pain. This behaviour is most likely an example of |
| A. | classical conditioning |
| B. | punishment |
| C. | positive reinforcement |
| D. | negative reinforcement |
| Answer» E. | |
| 917. |
Shaping complex behaviour through Operant conditioning usually includes which procedure? |
| A. | classical conditioning |
| B. | punishment |
| C. | cognitive mediation |
| D. | successive approximation |
| Answer» E. | |
| 918. |
Which statement is most consistent with Roger’s concept of humanity? |
| A. | people have a natural tendency to move toward actualization |
| B. | people move inevitably toward actualization |
| C. | people move inevitably toward self-actualization |
| D. | people are free to become what they will |
| Answer» B. people move inevitably toward actualization | |
| 919. |
Any aversive condition that when removed from a situation increases the probability that a givenbehaviour will occur is a |
| A. | negative reinforcer |
| B. | positive reinforcer |
| C. | reward |
| D. | negative punishment |
| Answer» B. positive reinforcer | |
| 920. |
According to Rogers, the two primary defensive strategies are |
| A. | repression and denial |
| B. | repression and reaction formation |
| C. | denial and distortion |
| D. | subception and regression |
| Answer» D. subception and regression | |
| 921. |
An unawareness of a discrepancy between self and experience leads to |
| A. | psychological health |
| B. | anxiety |
| C. | vulnerability |
| D. | guilt |
| Answer» D. guilt | |
| 922. |
Which statement is consistent with Roger’s theory? |
| A. | self-regard is originally dependent on self concept |
| B. | once achieved, self-regard can exist independently of others’ opinions and attitudes |
| C. | self-regard is symptomatic of malignant egoism |
| D. | self-regard stems from the negative appraisals received from others |
| Answer» C. self-regard is symptomatic of malignant egoism | |
| 923. |
Rogers believed that, for psychologically healthy individuals, |
| A. | the self and experience are congruent |
| B. | denial of organismic functioning is essential |
| C. | the ideal self replaces the real self |
| D. | an incongruence exists between their organismic self and their ideal self |
| Answer» B. denial of organismic functioning is essential | |
| 924. |
George has a low perception of himself. To increase his self-concept, his parents and teacher continually praise and compliment him. Rogers believed that such praise and compliments are mostlikely to |
| A. | enhance george’s self-esteem |
| B. | reinforce george’s negative behaviour |
| C. | be easily accepted into george’s self- concept |
| D. | be distorted by george |
| Answer» E. | |
| 925. |
Subception was defined by Rogers as |
| A. | the underlying empathic linkage between client and therapist |
| B. | the process of perceiving stimuli without an awareness of the perception |
| C. | a discrepancy between the organismic self and the ideal self |
| D. | a discrepancy between the actualizing |
| Answer» C. a discrepancy between the organismic self and the ideal self | |
| 926. |
A discrepancy between the self-concept and the ideal self results in |
| A. | ego defense mechanisms |
| B. | resistance |
| C. | incongruence |
| D. | subception |
| Answer» D. subception | |
| 927. |
Inner tension arises, Rogers said, when a conflict exists between the |
| A. | self-actualizing tendency and the organismic self |
| B. | emotion and cognition |
| C. | the values of others and one’s own values |
| D. | the formative tendency and the actualization tendency |
| Answer» B. emotion and cognition | |
| 928. |
In Rogerian theory, the actualizing tendency |
| A. | is synonymous with the formative tendency |
| B. | has the same or nearly the same meaning as self-actualization |
| C. | refers to the person’s organismic experiences |
| D. | refers to the tendency to actualize the |
| Answer» D. refers to the tendency to actualize the | |
| 929. |
Healthy people evaluate their experiences as good or bad according to which criterion? |
| A. | perceived self |
| B. | reflected appraisal of others |
| C. | the actualizing tendency |
| D. | the self concept |
| Answer» D. the self concept | |
| 930. |
Rogers believed that all behaviour relates to one’s |
| A. | enhancement needs |
| B. | perceived self |
| C. | ideal self |
| D. | actualizing tendency |
| Answer» E. | |
| 931. |
Rogers described the formative tendency as the tendency for |
| A. | humans to form intimate interpersonal relationships |
| B. | matter to evolve from simpler to more complex forms |
| C. | people to strive toward self-actualization |
| D. | people to return to an inorganic state |
| Answer» C. people to strive toward self-actualization | |
| 932. |
Rogers is most properly associated with |
| A. | non-directive counselling |
| B. | client centered therapy |
| C. | rational-emotive therapy |
| D. | behaviour modification |
| Answer» C. rational-emotive therapy | |
| 933. |
Humanistic psychologists believe that people are born _________, whereas social learning theoristsbelieve that people are born ___________. |
| A. | good, selfish |
| B. | selfish, good |
| C. | neutral, good |
| D. | good, neutral |
| Answer» E. | |
| 934. |
Which approach to psychology is referred to as the “third force”? |
| A. | psychoanalysis |
| B. | social learning theory |
| C. | humanistic theory |
| D. | trait theory |
| Answer» D. trait theory | |
| 935. |
Rogers believes that differences between the self and the ideal self |
| A. | are uncomfortable |
| B. | lead to incongruence |
| C. | lead to unsymbolized feelings |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» E. | |
| 936. |
The humanistic view states that |
| A. | humans possess an inner-directedness |
| B. | humans possess an objective view of reality |
| C. | people should not frustrate themselves by continually trying to change and improve |
| D. | personality is dominated by an active unconscious |
| Answer» B. humans possess an objective view of reality | |
| 937. |
To prevent itself from being overwhelmed by excessive demands from the Id and Superego, the Egorelies on |
| A. | the oedipus complex |
| B. | defense mechanisms |
| C. | the reality principle |
| D. | the pleasure principle |
| Answer» C. the reality principle | |
| 938. |
All of the following are examples of sublimation except |
| A. | competing in contact sports |
| B. | robbing a bank |
| C. | painting nude portraits |
| D. | competing in business |
| Answer» C. painting nude portraits | |
| 939. |
According to Freud, which part of the mind corresponds roughly to Conscience? |
| A. | the id |
| B. | the ego |
| C. | the super ego |
| D. | the super id |
| Answer» D. the super id | |
| 940. |
According to Freud, which part of the mind is dominated by the pleasure principle? |
| A. | the id |
| B. | the ego |
| C. | the super ego |
| D. | the super id |
| Answer» B. the ego | |
| 941. |
The executive of the personality, which operates according to the reality principle, is the |
| A. | id |
| B. | ego |
| C. | superego |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» C. superego | |
| 942. |
According to Freud, information that you are not currently aware of that can be easily recalled intoawareness resides in which part of the mind? |
| A. | preconscious |
| B. | conscious |
| C. | unconscious |
| D. | subconscious |
| Answer» B. conscious | |
| 943. |
According to Freud, primitive instinctual motives and repressed memories are stored in the |
| A. | conscious mind |
| B. | preconscious mind |
| C. | unconscious mind |
| D. | superego |
| Answer» D. superego | |
| 944. |
According to Freud, which part of the mind is composed mainly of life and death instincts |
| A. | id |
| B. | ego |
| C. | superego |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» C. superego | |
| 945. |
a therapist whose main task is to encourage clients to test their assumptions against reality is likelyto have which approach? |
| A. | psychodynamic approach |
| B. | cognitive approach |
| C. | humanistic approach |
| D. | behavioural approach |
| Answer» C. humanistic approach | |
| 946. |
A therapist who uses classical conditioning principles to treat a spider phobia is likely to have whichapproach? |
| A. | psychodynamic approach |
| B. | cognitive approach |
| C. | humanistic approach |
| D. | behavioural approach |
| Answer» E. | |
| 947. |
A therapist who tries to decrease incongruence in the client is likely to have which approach? |
| A. | psychodynamic approach |
| B. | cognitive approach |
| C. | humanistic approach |
| D. | behavioural approach |
| Answer» D. behavioural approach | |
| 948. |
A therapist who pays particular attention to transference during therapy is likely to have whichapproach? |
| A. | psychodynamic approach |
| B. | cognitive approach |
| C. | humanistic approach |
| D. | behavioural approach |
| Answer» B. cognitive approach | |
| 949. |
Persuading clients to abandon their erroneous ways of thinking is a goal of |
| A. | aversive conditioning |
| B. | cognitive therapy |
| C. | systematic desensitization |
| D. | social skills training |
| Answer» C. systematic desensitization | |
| 950. |
With which disorders has cognitive therapy been shown to be effective? |
| A. | anxiety disorders |
| B. | bulimia |
| C. | major depression |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» E. | |