MCQOPTIONS
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MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 90 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Genetic Engineering knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 51. |
Reverse transciptase PCR is also carried out at times. Which of the statement is true? |
| A. | Amplification of RNA samples is not required for knowing the abundance of mRNA |
| B. | Both the start and the end primers are used |
| C. | Only a single cDNA strand is synthesized before the PCR |
| D. | The primer used is always specific |
| Answer» E. | |
| 52. |
Heterogeneity can also arise if DNA is damaged before amplification. Which of the following doesn’t cause DNA damage? |
| A. | Amination of bases |
| B. | Chemical cross-linking between the strands |
| C. | Chemical cross-linking within the strands |
| D. | Slowing down the polymerase |
| Answer» B. Chemical cross-linking between the strands | |
| 53. |
Why internal secondary structures are not preferred for primers? |
| A. | Internal structures are very bulky and thus elongation is not preferred |
| B. | Because of it, primer may fold back on itself and won’t be available for template |
| C. | Internal secondary structures require more amount of template |
| D. | If internal structures are present, no proof reading would be observed |
| Answer» C. Internal secondary structures require more amount of template | |
| 54. |
If the template DNA belongs to several individual rather than single one, this type of heterogeneity is known as ____________ |
| A. | Heterzygosity |
| B. | Product heterogeneity |
| C. | Population heterogeneity |
| D. | Template heterogeneity |
| Answer» D. Template heterogeneity | |
| 55. |
Which of the statement is correct for misincorporation? |
| A. | If direct sequencing has carried this misincorporation is a great problem |
| B. | The erroneous molecules give strong signals than genuine molecules in case of misincorporation |
| C. | If the misincorporation in cloned PCR products it is a problem |
| D. | Even if the error is induced at an early stage it is not incorporated in many sequences |
| Answer» D. Even if the error is induced at an early stage it is not incorporated in many sequences | |
| 56. |
Touch-down PCR is another modification. Its characteristics include: |
| A. | Lowering the temperature for primer annealing |
| B. | Primer annealing is done at higher temperatures initially |
| C. | The temperature is abruptly reduced in the second cycle |
| D. | In earlier cycles less stringent conditions are there and in later cycles, more stringent conditions are there |
| Answer» C. The temperature is abruptly reduced in the second cycle | |
| 57. |
Choose the correct statement with regard to quantitative PCR? |
| A. | End-point PCR is favourable over real time PCR |
| B. | In real time PCR, quantification is done as the reaction is going on |
| C. | If the product measurement is done after the completion then the measurement is done by target sequence and no other factor affects it |
| D. | If the primers are available in limited amount, then the product obtained is proportional to the target sequence |
| Answer» C. If the product measurement is done after the completion then the measurement is done by target sequence and no other factor affects it | |
| 58. |
How many approaches are there for measuring the quantity of PCR products? |
| A. | 1 |
| B. | 2 |
| C. | 3 |
| D. | 4 |
| Answer» C. 3 | |
| 59. |
The genetic relatedness between organisms can be identified by studying the band patterns when different PCR products are analysed electrophoreically. This method is called as ____________ |
| A. | restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) |
| B. | amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) |
| C. | random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) |
| D. | polymorphism |
| Answer» D. polymorphism | |
| 60. |
If two successive PCRs are carried out, in which PCR there are chances of having a non-specific product? |
| A. | First PCR |
| B. | Second PCR |
| C. | Both the PCRs |
| D. | It depends on the annealing temperature |
| Answer» B. Second PCR | |
| 61. |
What will happen if the amino acid sequence is used directly for primer designing? |
| A. | There would be certainty because the genetic code is unique for each amino acid |
| B. | There would be uncertainty as the genetic code is degenerate and none of the amino acid is having a unique code |
| C. | There would be uncertainty as the genetic code is degenerate but some of the amino acids such as methionine are having a unique codon |
| D. | The amount of uncertainty or certainty is a matter of chance |
| Answer» D. The amount of uncertainty or certainty is a matter of chance | |
| 62. |
How can PCR product be cloned into a vector? |
| A. | It can be done only when PCR products are blunt-ended |
| B. | It can be done only by restriction enzyme digestion |
| C. | Both the methods can be used |
| D. | The blunt-ended approach is favoured |
| Answer» C. Both the methods can be used | |
| 63. |
Which end of the primer should be matched properly in order to carry out the amplification? |
| A. | 5’ end |
| B. | 3’ end |
| C. | Both of the ends should be matched properly |
| D. | Anyone of the ends should match |
| Answer» C. Both of the ends should be matched properly | |
| 64. |
The process of inserting an amplified PCR product in a vector for cloning is known as __________ |
| A. | making library |
| B. | insertion |
| C. | making a hard copy |
| D. | making a PCR based vector |
| Answer» D. making a PCR based vector | |
| 65. |
PCR is useful in population genetics because at times it can be used to study genetics of bacteria that can’t be cultured axenically. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| C. | May be True or False |
| D. | Can't say |
| Answer» B. False | |
| 66. |
If cytosine is deaminated, which of the base is formed? |
| A. | Thymine |
| B. | Guanine |
| C. | Adenine |
| D. | Uracil |
| Answer» E. | |
| 67. |
What is the property of inosine? |
| A. | Having narrow range of pairing capabilities |
| B. | Having a broad range of pairing capabilities |
| C. | The pairing capability is the same as the normal nucleotides |
| D. | It is abbreviated as A |
| Answer» C. The pairing capability is the same as the normal nucleotides | |
| 68. |
Which of the statement holds for long-range PCR and in its relation? |
| A. | It is the PCR in which longer templates are used |
| B. | DNA polymerases which don’t have proof-reading activity give larger products |
| C. | DNA polymerases’ processivity is not a measure to have larger products |
| D. | It is PCR in which a mixture of enzymes is used to have larger products |
| Answer» E. | |
| 69. |
In the case of uncertainty, if more than one nucleotide is included at a position it is called ____________ |
| A. | mixed site |
| B. | polynucleotide site |
| C. | unique site |
| D. | degenerate site |
| Answer» B. polynucleotide site | |
| 70. |
Which of the following is useful in applications of PCR? |
| A. | It is manual |
| B. | Only one sample’s analysis can be carried out at a time |
| C. | It is having a high speed |
| D. | The amount of DNA required initially is high |
| Answer» D. The amount of DNA required initially is high | |
| 71. |
Which can be used as a precaution in order to minimize contamination? |
| A. | Careful use and design of pipettes |
| B. | Placing the pre-PCR and post-PCR stages in the same rooms |
| C. | Extracting the DNA along with surface layers |
| D. | Use of primers carefully is not very important |
| Answer» B. Placing the pre-PCR and post-PCR stages in the same rooms | |
| 72. |
Primers are generally ____________ |
| A. | 20-30 nucleotides long |
| B. | 40-50 nucleotides long |
| C. | as long as the template is |
| D. | taken according to the amount available |
| Answer» B. 40-50 nucleotides long | |
| 73. |
Cycle sequencing is the DNA sequencing where very less amounts of template are utilised for carrying out the sequencing. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| C. | May be True or False |
| D. | Can't say |
| Answer» B. False | |
| 74. |
Which of the following nucleotides should be there at 3’ end? |
| A. | Any of A, T, G or C will work out |
| B. | Either A or T |
| C. | Either G or C |
| D. | Specifically G |
| Answer» D. Specifically G | |
| 75. |
Both the primers, the start primer and the end primer should have a nearly same melting temperature. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| C. | May be True or False |
| D. | Can't say |
| Answer» B. False | |
| 76. |
Melting temperature is given by ____________ |
| A. | 4(G+C) + 2(A+T) |
| B. | 2(G+C) + 4(A+T) |
| C. | 2(A+G) + 4(C+T) |
| D. | 4(A+G) + 2(C+T) |
| Answer» B. 2(G+C) + 4(A+T) | |
| 77. |
Thermococcus litoralis grows at a temperature upto 98 degrees. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| C. | May be True or False |
| D. | Can't say |
| Answer» B. False | |
| 78. |
Taq polymerase incorporates which residue at 3’ end? |
| A. | G |
| B. | T |
| C. | A |
| D. | C |
| Answer» D. C | |
| 79. |
What is the half life cycle for Taq polymerase? |
| A. | 40 minutes |
| B. | 80 minutes |
| C. | 10 minutes |
| D. | 50 minutes |
| Answer» B. 80 minutes | |
| 80. |
Polymerases are available with proof reading activity. Which of the following are the characteristics of these types of polymerases? |
| A. | They add A residue at 3’ end |
| B. | They are obtained from Thermococcus litoralis |
| C. | They can’t be obtained from archaebacteria |
| D. | The marine bacteria from which they are obtained grow at temperatures lower than that of Thermus aquatics |
| Answer» C. They can’t be obtained from archaebacteria | |
| 81. |
Polymerases are also available from other Thermus species. Which of the following is correct? |
| A. | Thermus flavus gives Tfl enzyme |
| B. | Thermus thermopilus gives Tfl enzyme |
| C. | They are having proof reading activity |
| D. | Thermus flavus gives Tth enzyme |
| Answer» B. Thermus thermopilus gives Tfl enzyme | |
| 82. |
Primers and polymerases are added again during the reaction because they get consumed as the reaction proceeds. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| C. | May be True or False |
| D. | Can't say |
| Answer» C. May be True or False | |
| 83. |
Which of the following is not a condition for PCR? |
| A. | Initial melting carried out for 5 minutes at 94 degrees |
| B. | Initial melting followed by 30 cycles each consisting of melting for 1 minute at 94 degrees |
| C. | Renaturation for 5 minutes at 60 degrees |
| D. | DNA synthesis at 72 degrees for 1.5 minutes |
| Answer» D. DNA synthesis at 72 degrees for 1.5 minutes | |
| 84. |
Which of the following activity is not present in Taq polymerase? |
| A. | 5’-3’ polymerase |
| B. | 5’-3’ exonuclease |
| C. | 3’-5’ exonuclease |
| D. | Both 5’-3’ polymerase and 5’-3’ exonuclease |
| Answer» D. Both 5’-3’ polymerase and 5’-3’ exonuclease | |
| 85. |
All the molecules generated during PCR will not be full length. Some will also be of intermediate length. Which of the statements is correct? |
| A. | After first cycle, majority of the molecules will be full length and only some will be of intermediate length |
| B. | In the next cycle, each intermediate molecule will generate one intermediate molecule and one target molecule |
| C. | The number of full length molecules increase as number of cycles proceed |
| D. | The number of intermediate molecules increase geometrically and the number of target molecules increase arithmetically |
| Answer» C. The number of full length molecules increase as number of cycles proceed | |
| 86. |
The process of amplification of specific DNA sequences by an enzymatic process is termed as ____________ |
| A. | amplification |
| B. | polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
| C. | translation |
| D. | microarrays |
| Answer» B. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | |
| 87. |
A reaction mixture for PCR consists of ____________ |
| A. | heat unstable polymerase |
| B. | primers in a limited amount |
| C. | deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTPs) |
| D. | a region complementary to the sequence to be amplified |
| Answer» D. a region complementary to the sequence to be amplified | |
| 88. |
What are primers? |
| A. | Primers are the short sequences at the end of the nucleotide sequences which are used for amplification |
| B. | Primers are the short sequences which are complementary to the nucleotides at the end of the sequence which is to be amplified |
| C. | Primers are the short sequences present anywhere in the nucleotide sequence to be amplified |
| D. | Primers are the short sequences which are complementary to the nucleotides anywhere in the sequence to be amplified |
| Answer» C. Primers are the short sequences present anywhere in the nucleotide sequence to be amplified | |
| 89. |
These are steps taken in carrying out the PCR reaction:i) Attaching of primers by coolingii) Denaturation of strandsiii) DNA synthesisiv) HeatingWhich is the correct order?(Mentioned from starting to ending the reaction) |
| A. | i)-ii)-iii)-iv) |
| B. | ii)-i)-iii)-iv) |
| C. | iv)-iii)-ii)-i) |
| D. | iv)-ii)-i)-iii) |
| Answer» E. | |
| 90. |
Which of the following is a characteristic of Taq polymerase? |
| A. | It is an RNA polymerase |
| B. | It is heat stable |
| C. | It is obtained from thermophilic bacterium and can be grown in the laboratory below a temperature of 75 degrees |
| D. | It is used in cellular synthesis processes and the optimum temperature is at least 90 degrees |
| Answer» C. It is obtained from thermophilic bacterium and can be grown in the laboratory below a temperature of 75 degrees | |