Which of these is not a reason why the rate of urban growth is larger in developing countries ?

• A. living in closely connected settlements is a social feature common in developing countries
• B. fertility rates are generally higher in developing countries including among city dwellers
• C. greater job opportunities encourage large-scale internal migration from rural areas to cities
• D. reverse migration (from cities back to rural communities) can be harder in developing societies once a livelihood in a rural community is lost