After the Constitutional Amendment to the Anti-Defection As in 2003,

• A. a merger is no longer valid even if 2/3 of the members cc a political party join another party
• B. a split of a legislature party is invalid even if 1/3 of the party leaves
• C. a defector has to resign and cannot stand for re-election till the term of the legislature ends
• D. all the above have been legislated