A dc machine, having a symmetrical closed-circuit armature winding and a sinusoidal air-gap flux-density distribution, will have a sinusoidal voltage induced in the individual coils. The resultant brush-to-brush voltage will have a waveform

• A. Sinusoidal with the negative-half reversed
• B. Unidirectional and constant without any ripples
• C. Unidirectional and constant with ripples superimposed
• D. Sinusoidal positive-half and zero negative-half, in each cycle